Machine for plowing and cultivating.



N0. 658,460. Patented Sept. 25, |900.

B. P. NUBAB.

MACHINE F03 PLOWING AND GULTIVATING.

(Application led Mar. 4, 1899.) '(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet l.

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No. 658,400. Y Patented sept. 25, |900.

, B. P. NUBAR.

MACHINE FOR PLDWING AND CULTIVATING.

(Application med Mar. 4, 1s99.\ (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 050,400. Patent-ed sept. 25, |000.

B. P. NuA'n.

MACHINE FUR PLOWING AND CULTIVATING.

(Applicatmn med um. 4, 1899.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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gada/www r wie@ m y l M- @www No. 658,460. Patented Sept. 25, |900. B.P. NUBAB.

MACHINE FOR FLOWINGl AND CULTIVATING. (Application led Ear. 4,'1899.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Smet 4.

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Maxam@ No. 658,460. y Patented sept. 25, |900. n

P. NuBAR. MACHINE FUR PLDWING AND CULTIVTING.v

(Application filed Mar. 4, 1899.)

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lolo@ UNrrnn STATES PAT-ENTv rrione BOGHOS PACHA NUBAR, OF CAIRO, EGYPT.

MACHINE FOR PLOWING AND CULTIVATING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 658,460, datedSeptember 25, 1900.

Application filed March 4, 1899. Serial No. 707,728'. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, Boenos PACHA NUBAR, a subject of the Turkish Empire,residing in the city of Cairo, Egypt, have invented Improvements inMachines for Flowing and Oultivating, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to a rotary plow in which the plowing-tool ismounted upon a horizontal or slightly-inclined shaft and has a diametergreater than the depth of plowing, so as only to partiallyA enter theground and operate by its front face against a vertical working face ofearth and not as in other types of rotary plows upon the horizontalsurface of the ground.

The improved plowing-tool essentially comprises a disk mounted upon ahorizontal shaft and carrying forwardly working cutters which act on thesoil in a horizontal direction in the manner of a boring-machine,whereas other types of rotary plows penetrate the soil in the manner ofa dispersing-tool.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, wherein v Figure 1shows face and edge views of a l rotary tool` provided with colters orscrapers.

Fig. 2 shows similar views of a tool having concentricforwardly-projecting cutters,Figs. 2a, 2b, 2C, and 2d being enlargeddetail views of the cutters. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a machineprovided with a rotary cutter adapted to be hauled by a traction-engine.Fig. 4c is a half rear elevation and half transverse section of the sameon line l 2, Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a plan of the machine.

Before commencing the plowing operation a trench is cut in the groundperpendicular to the direction of and of a depth equal to that of thefurrow to be formed, into which the tool is lowered, so that the cutterswill be in position in front of the approximatelyvertical face of theground in order to cut the furrow. Before the machine is advanced thetool should be set in motion, so that it shall be already rotating whenit comes into contact with the ground, this condition being essential tothe proper working of the machine. The tool in thus revolving againstthe face of the work produces a planing, scraping, or scratching action,whereby the earth is pulverized. The tool in thus acting has theadvantage of acting on freshly-opened ground, which offers lessresistance than the supercial crust, and also of attacking the subsoilwithout having to break the more resistant superficial crust.'

- My improved plowing-tool consists, essentially, ofa cutter-carryingdisk, similar to the face-plate of a lathe, bolted upon the rear end ofa cutter-shaft and provided with holes by which to bolt thereto arms b,of various forms, equally spaced around and projecting beyond thecircumference of the disk, the arms being readily replaceable by othersof different form. i

In the example shown in Fig. l the arms b have cutting edges and formcolters or Scrapers, and instead of being fixed radially they areinclined, relatively to these radii, so that each cutting edge forms anacute angle with the tangent to the point of attachment of its arm, thisinclination having for its object to lift out of the ground any'stoneswhich may be met with instead of forcing them down more deeply.Independently of this inclination in the plane of the circle itself thesurface of the colters is inclined relatively to said plane at an anglewhich is proportioned to the rate of advancement of the plow. (See Figl, side view.)

In Fig. 2 the arms I), bolted to the disk a, arel mere iat bars, whichare not themselves sharpened into cutting edges. These bars are placedradially and carry perpendicularly to their plane small cutting-bladesc, which cut into the vertical working face of the ground in front ofthem in moving concentrically about the axis of the tool. The barsthough not in and of themselves cutters are nevertheless provided withcutting edges. These cutters, which work in the manner of a harrowplaced in a vertical plane, are arranged upon said arms at varyingdistances from the center of rotation of said arms in order that allpoints of the working face to be plowed may be successively acted onduring one complete revolution of the plowingtool. These small cutters cmay have 'their cutting edgesinclined to the arms which carry theminstead of being perpendicular thereto, so as to throw out the stones.The cutters may be replaced by teeth similar to those of harrows orscarifiers, dac., according to the for a breadth and depth of cutproportionate `a carriage andare made of larger diame-` to the diameterof the`tool. The tools are keyed upon horizontal shafts mounted upon terthan the depth required for the plowing, so that they only partiallyenter the ground. This arrangement permits of the cuttershaft being freefrom the liability of becoming clogged by the plowed ground thrown up;andy also of simplifying the transmission of motion from `the enginetothe tools and 4'of enabling the latter to be driven directly. Thetools are iixed at the rear ends of the cutter-shafts and carriage, soas to enable the traveling wheels to run on the unplowed ground, ashereinafter. explained.- The depth of the plowing may be varied at willwithout changing the tools by` providing the carriage-frame with anysuitable arrangement for raising or lowering the level of thecutter-shafts, according to the requirements, whereby the tools may becaused to'penetrate and plow the soil toa greater or less depth. Thevariation in depth of cut; may be obtained by slightly oscillating thecarriage-framing upon an axis parallel to the wheel-axles. In this casethe plane of the tools and the face of the Work against which they actwill be slightly inclined tothe vertical, Which, however, causes `noinconvenience in working.

The machine would ordinarily comprise several cutters carried onparallel shaftslplaced at less distances apart than the diameter of thecutters, so that the `cutters overlap and operate over the whole breadthof ground between the outside cutters. The tools of whatever kind beingrotary necessarily cut in the soil furrows in the form of segments of acircle separated by small triangular ridges, which, owing to theoverlapping of the cutters, do not extend up to the ground-surface andmay generally be left. It may, however, be of advantage in some cases tobreak them down, and this may be done by means of a small subsoil-plowattached to therear of `the carriage behind the cutters, which willbreak them down easily, as they oifer little resistance, being isolatedand Without lateral support. The distance between each pair ofwheels-that is to say, the gage of the carriage-Lshould be less than thebreadth plowed by the gang of tools, so thatthe Wheels being in fr ontof the tools will run on unplowed ground.' VThe power required to propelthe machine will thus be less than if the wheels were to travel on theplowed land.l The cutters may either rotate all in the same or inopposite directions, it being preferable to make one half the numberwork in one direction and the other half in the opposite direction, soas to balance straight as much as possible.

In order to reduce the rate of forward travel lthe amount ofplowing-work done.

and to work over a greater breadth of ground at one time, the number oftools may be increased, so as to reduce the penetration of the tools inthe face of the work and increase The rate of advance of the machine andthe speed of rotation of the toolsshould be so proportioned as to reducethe loss due to the friction of the cutters, the rate of advancedepending upon the angle of inclination 'of the cutting edges of thetools. The advance of the machine is produced either by operating thedrivingwheels Atiliiectly'bythe engine or when the weightof the plow isinsufficient to obtain enough adhesion by hauling it by means of a rope,cable, or other means 'of tractionlanchored atkone end of `the field andwinding upon a drum mountedupon the frameofthe machine, or for machinesof small dimensions simply by animal traction.

-I `will now describe the mode of drivingthe tools.

According tothe arrangement illustrated inFigs. 3, 4, and 5 theplowisihauled by an ordinary traction-engine, in which case the plow hasnoengine upon it, the motive power for driving the tools being supplied bythe traction-engine, which at the same time hauls the plow. Thecutter-carrying-disks a are keyed on the ends of horizontal shafts,which are driven by means of bevel-gear through a cross-shaft drivenfrom the traction-engine through an intermediate shaft. The severalshafts are mounted in bearings uponl the plow-frame, whichmay beinclined `more or less by means of lifting-screws, so as to regulate thedepth of `penetration of the tools in the soil.

It is to be understoodthatthe driving mechanism is described merely byway of exam- IOO ple and that it may be modified according tocircumstances, as well as the form and dimensions of the cutters.

I claim- 1. In a plowing apparatus, the combination of a carriage, asubstantially-horizontal shaft `with means for driving the same and adisk or carrier provided `with arms having forwardly-projectingbladesprovided with cutting edges, substantially as described and for y thepurposes set forth.

2. In a plowing apparatus, the combination of a carriage, asubstantially-horizontal shaft with means for driving the same and adisk or carrier provided with arms havingr forwardly-projecting bladesprovided with cutting edges, the said blades being arranged uponadjacent arms at varying distances from `the center of rotation of saidarms, substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

3. In aplowing apparatus, the combination of a carriage, asubstantially-horizontal shaft carried by the said carriage andextending longitudinally in the direction of movement IIO of the saidcarriage, a disk or carrier.` carried a by the said shaft and havingarms projecting beyond the periphery thereof and provided With cuttingedges located in a vertical plane so as to execute their cut only in aplane substantially at right angles to the axis of the shaft.

4. In a plowing apparatus, the combination of a carriage, asubstantially-horizontal shaft carried thereby, the said shaft extending1ongitudinally in the direction of movement of the carriage, and cuttingedges supported by the said shaft and located in a vertical plane so asto execute their cui in a plane substantially at right angles to thedirection of niove= ment of the carriage.

The beforegoing specification of my improvements in machines for plowingand cultivating signed by me this 30th day of Jann ary, 1899.

BOGI-IOS PACHA NUBAR.

Witnesses:

EDWARD P. MACLEAN, MAURICE HENR PIGNET-

